Handheld Forestry Device

ABSTRACT

A rugged hand-held mobile computing device for a forester to collect and use dendrometric data from trees and tree stands is claimed. The device includes a processor which operates in connection with a memory, a user interface, a GPS receiver, a sound sensor capable of emitting an ultra-sonic pulse and a computer readable code embodied on the memory. The device communicates with a transponder by way of the ultra-sonic pulse emitted by the sound sensor. The transponder also emits an ultra-sonic pulse back to device. The device calculates the distance traveled based on the knowledge of the speed of the pulses. The memory, which also includes basic mapping software, uses the data to update a map in real time with the location of the trees and other information collected.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This invention relates to the field of devices for collectingenvironmental data. More specifically, the present invention comprises adevice for collecting data from the environment.

2. Description of the Related Art

Forestry is a profession which attempts to manage, use and conserveforests and related resources in a sustainable manner and for humanbenefit. The collection of environmental data associated with a forestedarea is essential to forestry. Collection of data samples withinparticular areas includes, but is not limited to, the density of theforest or mapping of trees and dendrometric measurements (diameters ofthe trees, height of the trees, etc). Action can be taken based on thecollected data. For example, if a particular area is overstocked, thearea may be thinned.

Global Positioning System (“GPS”) technology is known and has assistedwith the collection of data in the field. A forester often carries ahand-held device with built-in GPS technology that provides real timepositional data as he or she navigates the forest. Rugged hand-helddevices often include basic mapping software which includes lines, areasand points allowing for computer aided mapping of forestry data on a mapin real time.

Foresters also carry several external electronic devices to assist withthe collection of data. For example, typical devices include laserrangefinders, inclinometers, accelerometers, etc. However, it is oftencumbersome to use multiple different electronic devices and difficult tointegrate data in real time as the data is collected. Additionally, theuse of ultra-sound sensor devices is known, however these devices arecumbersome and create a numerical reading which has to be recorded apartfrom the device.

Therefore what is needed is one device which allows for easy andefficient collection and integration of environmental data in the fieldin real time.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

The present invention is a rugged hand-held device used to collect anduse dendrometric data from trees and tree stands. The device iscomprised of a mobile computing device having a memory with a computerreadable code, a user interface, a GPS receiver and a sound sensorcapable of emitting an ultra-sonic pulse. The device communicates with atransponder, also capable of emitting an ultra-sonic pulse. The deviceemits a first ultra-sonic pulse, which travels at a speed (which isdependent on the ambient temperature). The first ultra-sonic pulsetravels to the transponder which is triggered to emit a secondultra-sonic pulse back to the device. The programming within the devicehas knowledge of the speed of the pulses and therefore can calculate thedistance traveled. The device performs this distance measurement threetimes and averages the distances. If the variance of any one of thedistances from the average distance is too great, the device will returnan error message to the user.

In general, the device has a processor which operates in connection withthe memory and retrieves an instruction from the memory, decodes andexecutes the instruction. Once the instruction is executed the processorwrites the results back to the memory. For example, if the distancemeasurement is calculated accurately the average distance would bewritten back to the memory. The memory, which also includes basicmapping software, could use that data to update a real time map with thelocation of the trees using the average distance. The basic mappingsoftware interacts with a GPS receiver and optionally with an electroniccompass to display the real time map on the user interface of thedevice.

The device also collects data from various sensors, for example,external data is collected by way of an accelerometer, a laserrangefinder, a camera and a temperature sensor. The data is stored inthe memory in real time and can be added to mapping or graphingfunctions on the device. These functions allow the user to collect anduse all of the data in one device, allowing for the real time ability tomap the location, height and size of trees in an area or plot of land.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view, showing the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view, showing the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view, illustrating the device hardwarearchitecture.

FIG. 4 is a graphical view, showing a tree map on a plot of land.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view, showing a forester using the presentdevice.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view, showing a forester using the presentdevice.

FIG. 7 is a screen view, showing the view the forester has using thepresent device.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view, showing a forester using the presentdevice.

FIG. 9 is a screen view, showing the view the forester has using thepresent device.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view, showing a forester using the presentdevice.

FIG. 11 is a screen view, showing the view the forester has using thepresent device.

REFERENCE NUMERALS IN THE DRAWINGS

10 device 12 back 14 top 16 camera 18 laser exit point 20 sound distancesensor 22 keypad 24 front 26 user interface 28 temperature sensor 30forester 32 tree 34 laser beam 36 first ultrasonic pulse 38 processor 40electronic compass 42 GPS receiver 44 laser rangefinder 46 LED 48 basicmapping software 50 accelerometer 52 memory 54 height value cells 56second ultrasonic pulse 58 plot 60 plot center 62 transponder 64 cross66 distance method cell 68 distance cell 70 height input cells

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION

Rugged hand-held devices are commonly used to collect environmentaldata. Prior art rugged hand-held devices include basic mapping softwarewhich includes lines, areas and points allowing for computer aidedmapping of forestry data on a map in real time. FIG. 1 shows the presentinvention, a rugged hand-held mobile computing device 10. The front 24of device 10 appears like a typical prior art hand-held device,including user interface 26 (e.g. screen) and keypad 22. Keypad 22 isused to enter manual commands into device 10 or trigger the device totake other actions.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the present device 10 from theback. Back 12 of device 10 shows camera 16 and laser exit point 18. Top14 of device 10 includes a sound distance sensor 20. Sound distancesensor 20 is built-in to the device and is preferably an ultra-soundsensor along with a temperature sensor 28. Temperature sensor 28 readsthe outside temperature at the time the device 10 is directed to take adistance measurement using sound distance sensor 20. The device 10incorporates the calculated temperature into the formula whichdetermines the distance. This is necessary due to the fact that theoutside temperature affects the speed of sound. Molecules at highertemperatures have more energy and can vibrate faster. Since themolecules vibrate faster, sound waves travel more quickly as thetemperature rises and vice versa.

The key components of the present device are shown in FIG. 3 as aschematic view of the device hardware architecture. Device containsprocessor 38 (e.g. microprocessor or any device housing a centralprocessing unit “CPU”). Processor 38 is preferably an 800 Mhz processoror higher. Processor 38 operates in connection with memory 52. Processor38 generally operates by retrieving an instruction from memory 52. Theinstruction is decoded and executed. Once executed, processor 38 writesthe results back to memory 52. While it is not illustrated in detail,device hardware, such as accelerometer 50, user interface 26, soundsensor 20, laser rangefinder 44, and other hardware, would use memory 52to store specific device software. Additionally, manual inputs fromexternal devices would be, in some instances, stored in memory 52.Memory also contains basic mapping software 48 which includes lines,areas and points and a forestry data dictionary. The basic mappingsoftware 48 interacts with GPS receiver 42 and optionally withelectronic compass 40 to display a real time map to the user on userinterface 26 illustrating the data retrieved, locational data and otherdata collected. Electronic compass 40 is preferably a magnetometer whichdetects magnetic direction. A magnetometer can be optionally used in thepresent device to record magnetic fields and locations automatically asa supportive subsystem to GPS receiver 42. Electronic compass 40 allowsthe user to incorporate tree mapping on a plot of land or sample point.GPS receiver 42 collects information from satellites and interprets thatinformation to determine an exact location. The receiver can determinethe position of device and display it on the user interface 26 in anelectronic map. As data is collected from various sensors, the data isstored in real time and can be added to mapping or graphing functions onthe device 10. As illustrated, external data can be collected from aaccelerometer 50. Accelerometer 50 collects data relating to the tilt ofan object, in this case typically a tree. The accelerometer 50 inconnection with other data input can help to determine the location andheight of a tree on a plot of land. Sound sensor 20 operates to collectdata relating to 2D or 3D location of objects, distance and height data.Laser rangefinder 44, is optionally included and also acts to providelocation of objects, distance and height data. Camera 16 can takepictures of an area and additionally act in connection with othersensors to take accurate data measurements, such as serving as theviewer for height, laser measurements and possibly additionalmeasurements. User interface 26, keypad 22 and LED 46 all provideassistance to the user, or forester, enabling the user to interact withdevice 10. The present device, importantly, provides the user with theability to collect and use all data input in one device, therebyproviding for a comprehensive, real time ability to map the location,height and size of trees in an area or plot of land.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example of one type of tree map. The mapping ofthe trees 32 on a plot 58 uses the sound sensor 20 and electroniccompass 40. As shown, trees 32 are mapped in relation to a plot center60 located in the middle of a plot 58. In the present example, therespective widths of the particular mapped trees are also displayed. Theforester typically takes measurements using the sound sensor 20 from thetree that the forester is measuring. The forester sets up a transponder62 at plot center, typically on top of a plot center pole, and can walkfrom tree to tree pointing the device in the direction of thetransponder to determine the distance from the tree back to the plotcenter. A reciprocal bearing (or back bearing) is calculated by theinternal electronic compass within device 10, which allows the trees tobe mapped accurately in respect to the plot center. The use of the soundsensor 20 is effective due to the fact that sound is not disrupted byfoliage, trees or other underbrush.

Device 10 can be used in a variety of ways to take accuratemeasurements. Forestry tree plots, as discussed above, are mapped usinga plot center 60 as a guide that has a known or observed latitude andlongitude. In prior art methods, a forester would typically physicallyplace a measurement tape from the tree to the plot center or the plotcenter to the tree. In the alternative, the forester could use a laserrangefinder; however, one interruption of the laser by underbrush couldcause the distance to be unattainable.

In the present example, as illustrated in FIG. 5, the forester 30 setsup a transponder 62 at plot center 60. Next, forester simply andefficiently walks from tree to tree 32 pausing at each tree to pointdevice 10 at transponder 62. Sound sensor 20 emits an ultrasonic pulse(first ultrasonic pulse 36) that penetrates through foliage, treesand/or underbrush to be received by transponder 62. Transponder 62accepts first ultrasonic pulse 36 and sends a second ultrasonic pulse 56back to sound sensor 20 on device 10 (in the alternative, transponder 62could simply reflect an ultrasonic pulse back to device). The computerreadable code or programming within the device measures the exactelapsed time from the emission of the first ultrasonic pulse 36 untilreceiving second ultrasonic pulse 56 back from transponder 62. Due tothe knowledge of the speed of the ultrasonic pulses and the surroundingair temperature, programming within device 10 is able to calculate thedistance ultra-sonic pulse traveled and therefore the correct distance(first distance) from device 10 (e.g. tree 32) to transponder 62 (e.g.plot center). The device 10 automatically performs multiple measurementsaveraging the values for a more accurate calculation. In the preferredembodiment, the device completes the measurement cycle two additionaltimes, calculating a second distance and a third distance. Using thethree measurements the device (processor or programming within thedevice) calculates the mean distance or average distance. In the eventthat any one of the measurements is greater than +/−1% of the mean ofthe measurements, the device will show an error message. Thus, if thevariation from the mean is too great, the error message will appear. Ifan error message occurs the forester is advised that the measurementsmay be inaccurate, based on any number of reasons, including, that thedevice is out of range or was moving during the measurement. This typeof error message can be extremely beneficial to the forester by ensuringaccurate measurements.

The present device 10 is especially important in that device 10 recordsthe calculated distances for future use and can immediately incorporatethe data into a visual guide for the forester. As further describedbelow, measurements other than distance measurements can be taken,recorded and integrated as well.

Device 10 also allows for efficient calculation of the height of thetrees, using three separate methods. It is preferable that the devicehas a laser method, manual method and a sound sensor method. The firstmethod, laser method, shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, uses the laser rangefinderand the accelerometer. Forester 30 holds device 10 and aims the device10 at any point on tree 32 where there is a clear line of sight. Userinterface 26 acts as a visual aid for forester 30 by utilizing camera16. Camera 16 provides an image of tree 32 and point on tree 32 wherelaser is pointed in real time while forester is taking and calculatingdata measurements. While holding the device 10, forester 30 selects themethod of determining distance.

FIG. 7 shows a view of user interface 26 during the action depicted inFIG. 6. User interface 26 shows the user what method has been chosen indistance method cell 66. The camera function is activated such thatforester can accurately view the object at which laser beam is directed(e.g. tree 32). User interface 26 also includes cross 64. Cross 64 actsas a target for forester 30 to select the correct point on tree 32 todirect the laser beam and thereby take the specific measurement.Optional text can be included on user interface 26. In the presentembodiment user interface 26 shows the distance method cell 66, distancecell 68 and height value cells 54, having values at X number of heightsto the user. This text is preferably in a translucent font such that theuser can view the image through the camera lens through the text. Onceforester 30 chooses the laser method, the forester 30 points cross 64 ata clear point on the tree 32. Forester 30 commands device 10 to take astraight line distance measurement. A value in the distance cell 68 ispopulated on the user interface 26. This distance measurement iscalculated based on the laser rangefinder device.

Next, forester 30 tilts the device 10 such that the cross 64 is aimed atthe base of the tree 32, as illustrated in FIGS. 8 and 9. Forester 30commands device to store the angle to the base of the tree. Forester 30moves up from the base of the tree taking angular measurements at chosenintervals. These angular measurements are calculated using the device'sbuilt-in accelerometer 50 (see FIG. 3). The device calculates theheights at each interval by using a set formula which utilizes thestored data, the horizontal distance to the tree and the degree of theangular measurement (the device also takes into consideration thepotential for negative degree values). The height at each choseninterval is calculated and the appropriate height input cell 70 on userinterface 26 is populated. It is in this manner that forester canimmediately recognize the height of the tree at different points andmaintain real time records of the information. Additionally, thedistance from the user to the tree is only required for the initialmeasurement and not at every desired height point.

In the alternative, forester 30 may choose to calculate tree height byusing the ultra-sound sensor. FIG. 10 illustrates the method ofdetermining the horizontal distance to the tree 32. Forester 30 choosessound sensor method and the term “sound” is displayed in distance methodcell 66 (see FIG. 11). If the sound sensor method is chosen, forester 30proceeds by attaching transponder 62 to the tree 32 at a pointapproximately level to where the forester's eye will be when themeasurements are taken. Forester 32 stands where tree tops and heightmeasurement points are most visible and press a function key to send outfirst ultra-sonic pulse 36. First ultra-sonic pulse 36 penetratesthrough underbrush and/or other trees, to transponder 62; transponder 62sends a second ultra-sonic pulse 56 back to device 10 and the device isable to take an accurate horizontal distance measurement. Oncehorizontal distance measurement is determined the forester 30 aims thedevice 10, via the camera function, at the base of the tree 32, similarto the laser distance method, illustrated from a user interface view inFIG. 11. Again, cross 64 acts as a target for forester 30 to select aparticular point on tree 32 to direct the measurement. The accelerometermeasures the angle to the point on the tree 32 at which the cross 64 isdirected. This angle is recorded and the height is calculated by theprogramming within the device 10 as described above.

In the third alternative embodiment forester may choose to calculateheight by using the manual method. Forester can determine the horizontaldistance to a tree by using measuring tape, pacing or any other methodof estimating distance not covered by the laser or sound sensor. Oncehorizontal distance is established, the forester then enters thedetermined distance and proceeds to measure the angles as in the aboveexamples to determine height.

The preceding description contains significant detail regarding thenovel aspects of the present invention. It should not be construed,however, as limiting the scope of the invention but rather as providingillustrations of the preferred embodiments of the invention. Thus, thescope of the invention should be fixed by the following claims, ratherthan by the examples given.

1. A device for a forester to collect and use dendrometric data fromtrees and tree stands, further comprising: a. a mobile computing devicehaving: i. a memory; ii. a user interface; iii. a GPS receiver; iv. asound sensor capable of emitting an ultra-sonic pulse; and v. a computerreadable code embodied on said memory.
 2. The device of claim 1, furthercomprising: a. a transponder, wherein said transponder is incommunication with said sound sensor within said mobile computingdevice; b. wherein said sound sensor transmits a first ultra-sonicpulse, having a speed, from said mobile computing device to saidtransponder and said transponder transmits a second ultra-sonic pulse,having a speed, back to said sound sensor; c. wherein said computerreadable code calculates a distance based on an elapsed time and saidspeed of said first ultrasonic pulse and said second ultrasonic pulse;and d. wherein said distance is recorded on said memory of said mobilecomputing device.
 3. The device of claim 1, further comprising: a. atransponder, wherein said transponder is in communication with saidsound sensor within said mobile computing device; b. a temperaturesensor, wherein said temperature sensor measures a temperature; c.wherein said sound sensor transmits a first ultra-sonic pulse, having aspeed, from said mobile computing device to said transponder and saidtransponder transmits a second ultra-sonic pulse back to said soundsensor; d. wherein said temperature is recorded on said memory of saidmobile computing device; e. wherein said computer readable codecalculates said speed of said first ultra-sonic pulse and said secondultra-sonic pulse incorporating said temperature; f. wherein saidcomputer readable code calculates a first distance based on an elapsedtime and said speed of said first ultrasonic pulse and said secondultrasonic pulse; g. wherein said distance is recorded on said memory ofsaid mobile computing device.
 4. The device of claim 3, furthercomprising: a. wherein said mobile computing device calculates a seconddistance, a third distance and a mean distance; b. wherein said mobilecomputing device compares said first distance, said second distance andsaid third distance to said mean distance to determine a variation; andc. wherein said mobile computing device generates an error message ifsaid variation too great.
 5. The device of claim 1, wherein saidcomputer readable code includes a real time mapping software program;and wherein said real time mapping software program incorporates saiddistance into a map.
 6. The device of claim 1, further comprising: a. anaccelerometer; b. a laser rangefinder; and c. a camera.
 7. The device ofclaim 6, wherein said laser rangefinder is capable of determining ahorizontal distance and a slope distance to said tree.
 8. The device ofclaim 7, wherein said accelerometer is capable of determining an angularmeasurement based on said horizontal distance.
 9. The device of claim 8,wherein said computer readable code is capable of determining ahorizontal distance to said tree, an angular measurement to a tree and aheight of a tree based on said horizontal distance and said angularmeasurement.
 10. The device of claim 1, further comprising an electroniccompass.
 11. The device of claim 10, wherein said electronic compass isa magnetometer.
 12. The device of claim 1, further comprising: a. anaccelerometer; b. wherein said sound sensor within said device emits afirst ultra-sonic pulse, having a speed, to a transponder affixed tosaid tree; c. wherein said ultra-sonic pulse has a travel time betweenwhen said device emits said first ultra-sonic pulse and when a secondultra-sonic pulse returns to said device from said transponder; d.wherein a horizontal distance is calculated based on said speed and saidtravel time of said first ultra-sonic pulse and said second ultra-sonicpulse; e. wherein an angular measurement from said device to a point onsaid tree is calculated using said accelerometer; and f. wherein saidcomputer readable code determines a height of a tree relative to saidpoint on said tree by a geometric formula using said horizontal distanceand said angular measurement.
 13. A device for a forester to collect anduse dendrometric data from trees and trees stands further comprising: a.a mobile computing device having: i. a memory; ii. a user interface;iii. a GPS receiver; iv. a sound sensor capable of emitting a firstultra-sonic pulse; v. a computer readable code; b. a transponder,wherein said transponder is capable receiving and then emitting a secondultra-sonic pulse upon receiving said first ultra-sonic pulse; the soundsensor in the device then receives the pulse from the transponder; c.wherein said first ultra-sonic pulse and a second ultra-sonic pulse havea speed; d. wherein said second ultra-sonic pulse returns to said soundsensor after an elapsed time; e. wherein said computer readable code iscapable of calculating a first distance from said device to saidtransponder based upon said speed of said first and second ultra-sonicpulse and said elapsed time; f. wherein said distance is written to saidmemory of said mobile computing device; and g. wherein said computerreadable code incorporates said distance into a map using said GPSreceiver for viewing on said user interface.
 14. The device of claim 13,further comprising an electronic compass, wherein said electroniccompass acts together with said GPS receiver to incorporate saiddistance into said map for viewing on said user interface.
 15. Thedevice of claim 13, wherein said computer readable code includes a realtime mapping software program.
 16. The device of claim 13, furthercomprising: a. an accelerometer; b. a laser rangerfinder; c. a camera;and d. an electronic compass.
 17. The device of claim 16, wherein saidlaser rangefinder is capable of determining a horizontal or slopedistance to said tree.
 18. The device of claim 17, wherein saidaccelerometer is capable of determining an angular measurement based onsaid horizontal distance.
 19. The device of claim 18, wherein saidcomputer readable code is capable of determining a horizontal distanceto said tree, an angular measurement to a tree and a height of a treebased on said horizontal distance and said angular measurement.
 20. Thedevice of claim 13, further comprising: a. an accelerometer; b. whereinsaid sound sensor within said device emits an ultra-sonic pulse, havinga speed, to a transponder affixed to said tree; c. wherein saidultra-sonic pulse has a travel time between when said device emits saidultra-sonic pulse and when said ultra-sonic pulse returns to saiddevice; d. wherein a horizontal distance is calculated based on saidspeed and said travel time of said ultra-sonic pulse; e. wherein anangular measurement from said device to a point on said tree iscalculated using said accelerometer; and f. wherein said computerreadable code determines a height of a tree relative to said point onsaid tree by a geometric formula using said horizontal distance and saidangular measurement.